Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Internet Spread the Uniformity of Cultures Essay Example For Students

Web Spread the Uniformity of Cultures Essay The effect of the spread of the Internet on the consistency of various societies around the globe Introduction With the improvement of Internet innovation and tremendous needs of systems administration around the globe, the Internet is turning out to be predominant apparatus in numerous segments, for example, business, correspondence and instruction. The spread of Internet in some degree has affected consistency of various societies. Notwithstanding, societies are not geology limits, they ought not be considered therefore from spread of the Internet. Kaplan,2009) There are a few purposes behind the quick spread of the Internet. Right off the bat, with the monetary and innovative improvements as of late, the spread of Internet around the globe has accelerated. Also, the improvement of systems makes the Internet increasingly helpful and open, for example, remote innovation. At last, with the fast development of people’s PC education and globalization needs, the Internet is getti ng common in business and day by day correspondence around the globe. Despite the fact that there are various comforts the Internet brought to our life, the spread of Internet in some degree impacted decent variety or consistency of various societies around the globe. In the accompanying areas, we will concentrate on the circumstances and end results of consistency of societies came about because of the Internet and the significance of assorted variety of various societies around the globe. Primary body The spread of Internet has brought about the consistency of societies and with the conjunction of giving a chance to keeping up various societies around the world. The spread of Internet impacted the social globalization in a few viewpoints, for example, business modes, correspondence, and instruction. There are a few reasons of consistency of societies around the world. Right off the bat, the improvement of financial globalization has assumed a significant job in a decades ago, which implies e-business is getting prevailing in numerous nations and learning the worldwide societies particularly western societies for creating nations to develop universal organizations is getting significant (Voiskounsky, 1996). Also, the spread of English impacted individuals around the globe to utilize the Internet. With English is turning into the official language to discuss in global gatherings and occasions, there are expanding quantities of individuals are learning English language and English talking nations societies around the world(Pollack, 1995). For instance, there are a great deal of scholastic articles and sites are in English, which implies if individuals need to comprehend the data, they have to get familiar with the language. During entering a site page that just shows with English, it drives individuals need to gain proficiency with this language. It is advantage for individuals to think about different societies. At long last, the consistency of various societies around the globe is for the most part reflected in westernization. For instance, American societies of cheap food and films greatly affect individuals around the globe. In any case, the Internet has assumed a significant job as a media to spread these societies (Milner, 2003). The effect of the spread of Internet to the homogeneity of various societies is valuable to individuals around the globe. Learning worldwide societies can help individuals around the globe to speak with various individuals and comprehend worldwide issues, for example, human rights (Kaplan,2009). In any case, there are issues with the consistency of various societies on the grounds that the vast majority lost their nearby societies when applying to worldwide ones, for example, minority dialects. The assorted variety of societies would vanish far and wide. The spread of the Internet brought about the upkeep of culture assorted variety. Right off the bat, there are numerous sites are in their own dialects, which implies it isn't fundamental for individuals to learn English to peruse the web data. Next explanation is on the grounds that societies are not detached items; we were unable to anticipate that individuals around the globe should learn worldwide culture through the Internet(Coffman and Odlyzko, 2001). At long last, individuals around the globe impart through the Internet somehow or another outcomes in keeping up assorted variety of societies. For instance, individuals from various networks can take an interest different gatherings by means of Internet, for example, jazz music clubs or great drama fans. The impacts of keeping up social assorted variety are in two angles. One is individuals would build up their nearby social; it is useful for the advancement of assorted variety society instead of westernization world. The other one is neighborhood individuals with various societies would contend with one another and conceivably would cause society precariousness. End The spread of Internet has affected the consistency of various societies particularly exhibited with wor ldwide societies. Meanwhile, as a media for keeping up assorted variety societies, the spread of Internet has sway for the outcome. Be that as it may, societies are not geology limits, consequently, the Internet has not essentially brought about the consistency or assorted variety of various societies.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Business Ethics Eagle Valley Health Foods

Question: Examine about theBusiness Ethicsfor Eagle Valley Health Foods. Answer: Presentation Bird Valley Health Foods is an Australian organization that generally produces solid and natural lunch rooms that are made of dried products of the soil. Mr. Martin Clifton, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods has the essential goal to grow the profile of the organization by upgrading the Corporate Sustainability of the organization. It is accepted that a superior supportability profile won't just improve the notoriety of the organization however it will likewise help the financial matters of the organization in the long haul. One of the serious issues that are distinguished inside the organization is identified with the improvement of the bundling of the item that is directly produced using polypropylene. It is relied upon to present a progressively reasonable strategy for bundling that will be all the more earth amicable. Another difficult that is recognized is identified with the assembling of the wellbeing bars that expends huge amounts of water. Corporate Social Responsibility Falcon valley Health Companyrequires to actualize corporate social duty as social obligation is basic to a business as it exhibits to the two people just as the media that the organization looks into more extensive public issues that doesn't have any immediate effect on negligible benefits. The difficult that is distinguished is identified with the assembling of the wellbeing bars that expends gigantic amount of water. With the sound social duty strategy, the buying choice of the people will be affected where the people will try to make a moral buy. This thusly will prompt bigger benefits for the business. For this situation, it is basic for the organization to construct a profoundly viewed just as dependable notoriety (Carroll 2015). Bird valley Health Companyrequires to distinguish the focal point of the program while executing corporate social duty. It may be hard for the association to deal with the issues fittingly. Therefore, it requires to limit the concentration to a couple of serious issues that will empower the association to get perceived with these reason. Corporate social duty draws in money related contemplations on various levels. Therefore, the organization ought to decide if it would offer materials for a program and encourage laborers to take an interest in partner endeavors during hours or give cash to a reason (Mirvis 2012). Discoveries and Discussion First Problem and Solution It is imperative to concentrate on asset shortage that advances gainfulness. The shortage of water had expanded as time passes. Water is considered as the establishment of life. The preservation of clean water is generally advanced by the World Water Council that affected the association to trade contemplations just as upgrade organizations that will assist with monitoring water. The significant explanation that impacted the organization to spare water was long stretches of dry spell just as drop of nearby water holds. Water discussion is basic, as each living life form expect water to endure. It is additionally significant it help to keep water perfect just as unadulterated that assists with saving condition. Thus, the CEO of the organization will have the option to decrease the utilization of water (Permanhani et al. 2016). Second Problem and Solution The organization ought to maintain a strategic distance from the utilization of polypropylene as it generally produced using normal sources, for example, biting gum just as shellac. They are adjusted from collagen that is a sort of elastic. The best answer for maintain a strategic distance from the utilization of polypropylene as a bundling material is reusing of bundling materials. This can likewise be executed with the assistance of headway in innovation that will prompt reprocessing of recyclable plastics. They should fabricate food in glass jolts instead of plastic containers. Plastic containers are additionally considered as litter that are found on sea shores. Plastic sacks act peril to untamed life like well as to natural eyes (North and Halden 2013). End and Recommendation It is suggested that Eagle Health Valley ought to maintain a strategic distance from the utilization of polypropylene as it is comprised of a few layers that are overlaid together. Subsequently, it gets hard to reuse. Bundling is notwithstanding, required for wellbeing and cleanliness. Subsequently, the organization requires to put forth attempts to make bundling that is a lot more slender and lighter. Bundling and transport goes about as two biggest ecological issue with practicality drinks. Henceforth, the organization should utilize returnable glass bottles that goes about as the best ecological alternative. It is suggested that the people ought to abstain from buying plastic water channel cartridges except if required. It is likewise prescribed to utilize the pre-owned plastic sacks rather the new ones. The CEO requires to comprehend the utilization of water that will expand the investment funds prospect and permit reasonable reserve funds focus to be set up. The CEO ought to lik ewise attempt to move to waterless methodology that will assist with diminishing the water and spare water. Multi-load types of gear ought to be set to work capability with separate settings for each cycle. It is reasoned that that Eagle Health Valley may think that its hard to deal with the issues suitably. Subsequently, it should actualize corporate social duty that will assist with driving towards the products by organizing in promoting. Corporate social obligation is perceived as a piece of the business establishment. It is presumed that glass containers are increasingly protected when contrasted with plastic containers. References Carroll, A.B., 2015. Corporate social responsibility.Organizational Dynamics,44, pp.87-96. Mirvis, P.H., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility.The Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management: Short Entries, pp.153-159. North, E.J. furthermore, Halden, R.U., 2013. Plastics and natural wellbeing: the street ahead.Reviews on ecological health,28(1), pp.1-8. Permanhani, M., Costa, J.M., Conceio, M.A.F., de Souza, R.T., Vasconcellos, M.A.S. furthermore, Chaves, M.M., 2016. Shortage water system in table grape: eco-physiological premise and potential use to spare water and improve quality.Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology,28(1), pp.85-108.

Sunday, August 16, 2020

Social Entrepreneurship at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Social Entrepreneurship at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following post was written by Kevin Hong.   Kevin is a second-year student concentrating in Economic and Political Development with a specialization in Management. Kevin graduated from Cornell University in 2005 and focused on Computational and Systems Biology.   Prior to joining SIPA Kevin was Study Coordinator at the Francis I. Proctor Foundation based at the University of California in San Francisco. _________________________ Whether it is corporate social responsibility, sustainability, or social entrepreneurship, there has been increasing interest in the intersection of the private and public sectors expressed by SIPA students. As I served as the Social Entrepreneurship Chair for SIPA Net Impact, I met more and more students at SIPA who are interested in how to encourage more business to promote social causes or how to use entrepreneurial approaches in social sectors. Net Impact is a national organization with chapters around the world to bring together students and professionals who are interested in these issues (netimpact.org).   The chapter at SIPA has been particularly active in the past year putting together a variety of events to raises awareness about social entrepreneurship (Face Book page here). Here are some of events we hosted: AfroReggae- Social Entrepreneurship and Arts Education in Brazils Favelas KOPERNIK ~ Entrepreneuring Breakthrough Technologies Food in the Sky: Vertical Farming for Sustainable Food Supply with Dr. Dickson Despommier Conversation with Paul Polak, Author of Out of Poverty and Founder of International Development Enterprises (IDE) The Power of Social Entrepreneurship The Mae Fah Luang Foundation Social Entrepreneurship: Insights from Practitioners In partnership with Wagner School of Public Services at NYU, SIPA Net Impact also organized the Social Enterprise Boot Camp which offered skill-building workshops, an elevator pitch competition, and speed networking for aspiring social entrepreneurs (www.socialenterprisebootcamp.org). This event was a huge success with over dozen speakers and over 100 participants and SIPA Net Impact is working to offer the Boot Camp again this year with more workshops. Social Enterprise Boot Camp Now with two full courses dedicated on social entrepreneurship taught by professors Sarah Holloway and Sara Minard and exciting extracurricular activities on the topic, SIPA provides unique opportunities for students who are interested in public policy and development to explore social entrepreneurship as an innovative tool to promote social causes in which they are interested.   So join us and find out how you can make the world a better place with social entrepreneurship at SIPA!

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Dangerous Abortion Laws Essay - 1620 Words

Dangerous Abortion Laws Does the sovereignty of a minor’s body also belong to their legal guardians and mainstream societies views of morality? The only answer to this question is absolutely not. Currently 28 states in the U.S. require parental consent or notification in order for a minor to receive abortion services.(Net 3) This is not a federally mandated law, but if the right-wing religious groups get their way it will become just that.(Net 3) Requiring parental involvement in a minor’s decision to abort is unacceptable due to; personal choice, birth control, and health risk, issues. Although a judicial bypass can over-rule a parental involvement law, a minor must prove either extenuating circumstances or her maturity†¦show more content†¦One argument against these involvement laws involves a person’s right to choose the fate of their own body. Of course for a minor this right is limited due to the current laws in this country. But parental involvement laws can be used for the basic purpose of forcing a young woman to continue with an unwanted pregnancy.(Net 1) This and other unacceptable outcomes disproves the reasoning that a parent must be aware of their minor’s abortion, if not in complete control of it. Parental knowledge, just as pregnancy, is a choice to be made by the individual who has the most at stake; the young girl who lives in fear and confusion due to the uncertainty of her parents reactions. Also whether or not these reactions compromise her safety mentally, emotionally, and physically.(Net 1) In the event that parent al involvement laws are overturned by all courts, both federal and local, young minor’s can safely make their own choices where pregnancy is concerned. In fact studies show that, with or with out these laws, 61% of minors inform their parents of their abortion before the procedure.(Net 3) In the issue of choice, these laws put undue stress and strain on the young woman who’s future is at stake. This particular drawback brings problems of it’s own, one in particular, out-of-state abortions. Often times to avoid parentalShow MoreRelatedThe History of Abortion764 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is a medical practice to terminate a womans pregnancy in the first 3 months. The history of abortion starts father before the pinnacle case of Roe v Wade in 1973. The supreme court made it legal to get an abortion and this is seen as an important turning point for the american health care policies for women. Before this court case to render it legal it had been performed for thousands of years and in every society known. 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Women around the country were concerned that the anti-abortion laws conflicted with a person’s right to privacy and equal protection given by the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution. GaleRead MoreEssay on Pro and Cons of Abortion658 Words   |  3 PagesMarinelly Gonzalez Dr. Edwards Com 123 Cons of Abortion wrong and looked down upon by a lot of religions. Some women use abortion as a type of birth control. They sleep with men and do not use protection and think nothing of it to go to the clinic as many as five times in their life to have an abortion. A con a gainst abortion is the nagging thought that a woman went to a clinic, had an abortion, and thus the world was prevented from seeing the birth of the only person capable of attainingRead MoreA Cirtique of South Africas Choice on Termination of Pregnancy1598 Words   |  7 Pagesset of opposing beliefs, ideas and agenda one side of which individuals feel a strong need to belong. However, the concept of abortion is too complicated to only have two opposing sides define it. Therefore a vast majority of national governments reflect the complicity abortion creates in their legislations by either having a definite law allowing or prohibiting abortions. December 11, 1996 proves to be a monumental date of change towards women’s sexual and reproductive rights in Post-Apartheid SouthRead MoreThe Death Of Roe V. Wade843 Words   |  4 PagesChapter One Before Roe v. Wade, women lived in consistent angst and fear of their own bodies, the consequences that were brought by unwanted pregnancies, and the very dangerous back-alley abortions. Preceding 1973, unwed women who got pregnant were fired from their employments. The younger women were sent to maternity homes for mothers who were unwed, and their children were put up for adoption (Gielow). Pregnant women who were married had no choice but to continue to carry their pregnancies toRead MoreEssay on In Defense Of Abortion1638 Words   |  7 PagesWithout legal prohibitions, women in Europe and the United States provided abortions and trained each other to perform the procedures. In the past century different states had begun to outlaw any procedure that would terminate or avoid pregnancy. In 1973(?) the United States Supreme Court asserted a womans constitutional right to abortion in determining Roe v. Wade. After several decades of quiet disagreement, abortion has once again become a political hotbed. Under the direction of religious

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Lucy Stone, Abolitionist and Womens Rights Reformer

Lucy Stone (August 13, 1818–October 18, 1893)  was the first woman in Massachusetts to earn a college degree and the first woman in the United States to keep her own name after marriage. While she started out on the radical edge of womens rights at the beginning of her speaking and writing career, shes usually described as a leader of the conservative wing of the suffrage movement in her later years. The woman whose speech in 1850 converted Susan B. Anthony to the suffrage cause later disagreed  with Anthony over strategy and tactics, splitting the suffrage movement into two major branches after the Civil War. Fast Facts: Lucy Stone Known For: A major figure in the abolitionist and womens rights movements of the 1800sBorn: August 13, 1818 in West Brookfield, MassachusettsParents: Hannah Matthews and Francis StoneDied: October 18, 1893 in Boston, MassachusettsEducation: Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, Oberlin CollegeAwards and Honors:  Inducted into National Womens Hall of Fame; the subject of a U.S. postal stamp; statue placed in Massachusetts State House; featured in the Boston Womens Heritage TrailSpouse(s): Henry Browne BlackwellChildren: Alice Stone BlackwellNotable Quote: I believe that the influence of woman will save the country before every other power. Early Life Lucy Stone was born on August 13, 1818, on her familys Massachusetts farm in West Brookfield. She was the eighth of nine children, and as she grew up, she watched as her father ruled the household, and his wife, by divine right. Disturbed when her mother had to beg her father for money, she was also unhappy with the lack of support in her family for her education. She was faster at learning than her brothers, but they were to be educated while she was not. She was inspired in her reading by the Grimke sisters, who were abolitionists as well as proponents of womens rights. When the Bible was quoted to her, defending the positions of men and women, she declared that when she grew up, shed learn Greek and Hebrew so she could correct the mistranslation that she was sure was behind such verses. Education Her father would not support her education, so she alternated her own education with teaching to earn enough to continue. She attended several institutions, including Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in 1839. By age 25 four years later, she had saved enough to fund her first year at Oberlin College in Ohio, the countrys first college to admit both women and blacks. After four years of study at Oberlin College, all the while teaching and doing housework to pay for the costs, Lucy Stone graduated in 1847. She was asked to write a commencement speech for her class, but she refused because someone else would have had to read her speech because women were not allowed, even at Oberlin, to give a public address. Shortly after Stone, the first woman from Massachusetts to earn a college degree, returned to her home state, she gave her first public speech. The topic was womens rights and she delivered the speech from the pulpit of her brothers Congregational Church in Gardner, Massachusetts. Thirty-six years after she graduated from Oberlin, she was an honored speaker at Oberlins 50th-anniversary celebration. The American Anti-Slavery Society A year after she graduated, Lucy Stone was hired as an organizer for the American Anti-Slavery Society. In this paid position, she traveled and gave speeches on abolition and womens rights. William Lloyd Garrison, whose ideas were dominant in the Anti-Slavery Society, said of her during her first year of working with the organization, She is a very superior young woman, and has a soul as free as the air, and is preparing to go forth as a lecturer, particularly in vindication of the rights of women. Her course here has been very firm and independent, and she has caused no small uneasiness in the spirit of sectarianism in the institution. When her womens rights speeches created too much controversy within the Anti-Slavery Society—some wondered whether she was diminishing her efforts on behalf of the abolition cause—she arranged to separate the two ventures, speaking on weekends on abolition and weekdays on womens rights, and charging admission for the speeches on womens rights. In three years, she earned $7,000 with these talks. Radical Leadership Stones radicalism on both abolition and womens rights brought large crowds. The talks also drew hostility: according to historian Leslie Wheeler, people tore down the posters advertising her talks, burned pepper in the auditoriums where she spoke, and pelted her with prayer books and other missiles. Having been convinced by using the Greek and Hebrew she learned at Oberlin that indeed the Biblical proscriptions on women were badly translated, she challenged those rules in churches that she found to be unfair to women. Raised in the Congregational Church, she was unhappy with its refusal to recognize women as voting members of congregations as well as their condemnation of the Grimke sisters for their public speaking. Finally expelled by the Congregationalists for her views and public speaking, she joined with the Unitarians. In 1850, Stone was a leader in organizing the first national womans rights convention, held in Worcester, Massachusetts. The 1848 convention in Seneca Falls had been an important and radical move, but the attendees were mostly from the local area. This was the next step. At the 1850 convention, Lucy Stones speech is credited with converting Susan B. Anthony to the cause of woman suffrage. A copy of the speech, which was sent to England, inspired John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor to publish The Enfranchisement of Women. Some years later, she also convinced Julia Ward Howe to adopt womens rights as a cause along with abolition. Frances Willard credited Stones work with her joining the suffrage cause. Marriage and Motherhood Stone had thought of herself as a free soul who would not marry; then she met Cincinnati businessman Henry Blackwell in 1853 on one of her speaking tours. Henry was seven years younger than Lucy and courted her for two years. Henry was anti-slavery and  pro-womens  rights. His eldest sister  Elizabeth Blackwell  (1821–1910), became the first woman physician in the United States, while another sister,  Emily Blackwell  (1826–1910), became a physician as well. Their brother Samuel later married  Antoinette Brown  (1825–1921), a friend of Lucy Stones at Oberlin and the first woman ordained as a minister in the United States. Two years of courtship and friendship convinced Lucy to accept Henrys offer of marriage. Lucy was especially impressed when he rescued a fugitive slave from her owners. She wrote to him, A wife should no more take her husbands name than he should hers. My name is my identity and must not be lost. Henry agreed with her. I wish, as a husband, to  renounce  all the privileges which the  law  confers upon me, which are not strictly  mutual. Surely  such a marriage  will not degrade you, dearest. And so,  in 1855, Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell married. At the ceremony, Minister Thomas Wentworth Higginson read  a statement by the bride and groom, renouncing and protesting the marriage laws of the time, and announcing that she would keep her name. Higginson published the ceremony widely with their permission. The couples daughter Alice Stone Blackwell was born in 1857. A son died at birth; Lucy and Henry had no other children. Lucy retired for a short period from active touring and public speaking and devoted herself to raising her daughter. The family moved from Cincinnati to New Jersey. In a letter written to her sister-in-law Antoinette Blackwell on February 20, 1859, Stone wrote, ...for these years I can only be a mother—no trivial thing, either. The next year, Stone refused to pay property taxes on her home. She and Henry carefully kept her property in her name, giving her independent income during their marriage. In her statement to the authorities, Lucy Stone protested the taxation without representation that women still endured, since women had no vote. The authorities seized some furniture to pay the debt, but the gesture was widely publicized as symbolic on behalf of womens rights. Split in the Suffrage Movement Inactive in the suffrage movement during the Civil War, Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell became active again when the war ended and the  Fourteenth Amendment  was proposed, giving the vote to black men. For the first time, the Constitution would, with this Amendment, mention male citizens explicitly. Most woman suffrage activists were outraged. Many saw the possible passage of this Amendment as setting back the cause of woman suffrage. In 1867, Stone again went on a full lecture tour to Kansas and New York, working for woman suffrage state amendments, trying to work for both black and woman suffrage. The woman suffrage movement split on this and other strategic grounds. The  National Woman Suffrage Association, led by  Susan B. Anthony  and  Elizabeth Cady Stanton decided to oppose the  Fourteenth Amendment because of the language male citizen. Lucy Stone,  Julia Ward Howe, and Henry Blackwell led those who sought to keep the causes of black and woman suffrage together, and in 1869 they and others founded the  American Woman Suffrage Association. For all her radical reputation, Lucy Stone was identified in this later period with the conservative wing of the woman suffrage movement. Other differences in strategy between the two wings included the AWSAs following a strategy of state-by-state suffrage amendments and the NWSAs support of a national constitutional amendment. The AWSA remained largely  middle  class,  while the NWSA embraced working-class issues and members. The Womens Journal The next year, Lucy raised enough funds to start a suffrage weekly newspaper,  The Womans Journal. For the first two years, it was edited by  Mary Livermore, and then Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell became the editors. Lucy Stone found working on a newspaper far more compatible with family life than the lecture circuit. But I do believe that a womans truest place is in a home, with a husband and with children, and with large freedom, pecuniary freedom, personal freedom, and the right to vote. Lucy Stone to her adult daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell Alice Stone Blackwell attended Boston University, where she was one of two women in a class with 26 men. She later got involved with  The Womans Journal,  which survived until 1917. Alice was the sole editor during its later years. The Womans Journal  under Stone and Blackwell maintained a Republican Party line, opposing, for instance, labor movement organizing and strikes and  Victoria Woodhulls  radicalism, in contrast to the Anthony-Stanton NWSA. Last Years Lucy Stones radical move to keep her own name continued to inspire and enrage. In 1879, Massachusetts gave women a limited right to vote for the school committee. In Boston, however, the registrars refused to let Lucy Stone vote unless she used her husbands name. She continued to find that, on legal documents and when registering with her husband at hotels, she had to sign as Lucy Stone, married to Henry Blackwell, for her signature to be accepted as valid. Lucy Stone did, in the 1880s, welcome Edward Bellamys American version of Utopian socialism, as did many other woman suffrage activists. Bellamys vision in the book  Looking Backward  drew a vivid picture of a society with economic and social equality for women. In 1890, Alice Stone Blackwell, now a leader in the woman suffrage movement in her own right, engineered a reunification of the two competing suffrage organizations. The National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association united to form the  National American Woman Suffrage Association, with  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  as president,  Susan B. Anthony  as vice president, and Lucy Stone as chairman of the executive committee. In an 1887 speech to the New England Womans Club, Stone said: I think, with never-ending gratitude, that the young women of today do not and can never know at what price their right to free speech and to speak at all in public has been earned.   Death Stones voice had already faded and she rarely spoke to large groups later in her life. But in 1893, she gave  lectures at the Worlds Columbian Exposition. A few months later, she died in Boston of cancer and was cremated. Her last words to her daughter were Make the world better. Legacy Lucy Stone is less well known today than  Elizabeth Cady Stanton,  Susan B. Anthony, or  Julia Ward Howe, whose Battle Hymn of the Republic helped immortalize her name. Stones daughter Alice Stone Blackwell published her mothers biography,  Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Womans Rights,  in 1930, helping to keep her name and contributions known. But Lucy Stone is still remembered today primarily as the first woman to keep her own name after marriage. Women who follow that custom are sometimes called Lucy Stoners. Sources Adler, Stephen J. and Lisa Grunwald. Womens Letters: America from the Revolutionary War to the Present. New York: Random House, 2005.â€Å"Lucy Stone.† National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.â€Å"Lucy Stone.† National Womens History Museum.McMillen, Sally G. Lucy Stone: An Unapologetic Life. Oxford University Press, 2015.Wheeler, Leslie. Lucy Stone: Radical Beginnings. Spender, Dale (ed.). Feminist Theorists: Three Centuries of Key Women Thinkers. New York: Pantheon Books, 1983

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Music Comparison Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel and Ludwig Van Beethoven Free Essays

Music Comparison: Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel and Ludwig van Beethoven Inspired by Ludwig van Beethoven and the ideas of Romanticism, the new group of composers in music were born. One composer, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, grew to love composing music, like Beethoven. The child prodigies both delighted in learning and performing music at a young age. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Comparison: Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel and Ludwig Van Beethoven or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hensel learned music from many different teachers, but Beethoven was taught by more known instructors. Although the two composers both lived in Germany, they created very different compositions. While Hensel and Beethoven have many differences between them, there are also similarities, which are sometimes over looked. Music was always a large part of both Hensel and Beethoven’s lives, beginning from when they were children. The composers grew up only four hours away from each other, yet in both households, they were composing music at a young age. The first person to teach Beethoven music was his own father. Hensel’s first teacher; her own mother. At the age of twelve, Hensel started writing her own music, while Beethoven was composing by eleven years of age. These composers started writing at a very early age, proving that they are musical geniuses. Considering the many teachers the composers had, it would explain how they could create such beautiful music. Beethoven had many noteworthy teachers while Hensel was taught by many lesser-known, but just as talented, educators. Once Beethoven’s father’s teachings had reached it’s end, he was taught by Gottlob Neefe. Neefe taught mainly the organ and compositions to Beethoven and made a comment saying that â€Å"If he continues like this, he will be, without a doubt, the new Mozart† Although his teachers helped him greatly, Beethoven gave his first performance before any educator had taught him, when he was seven and a half, at Cologne, a large city in Germany. Her parents first taught her what was normally expected from a child, but later Hensel was taught by tutors the aspects of music. Some notable teachers that Hensel studied under were Marie Bigot, Ludwig Berger, and Carl Friedrich Zelter. Hensel only performed once in public when she was twelve years old, from memory. Although she was very talented, Hensel’s father demanded that she never play music for a living, but maintain the role of a normal woman in their time. Hensel obeyed her father, but Felix Mendelssohn, her younger brother, was willing to help in her career. Mendelssohn was also musically talented and performed for the courts, sometimes playing Hensel’s works that she composed. Once when Mendelssohn was performing for Queen Victoria, she was very impressed and mentioned that the work â€Å"Italien† was her favorite. Mendelssohn then admitted that that was his sister’s work. Hensel often composed lieders, bagatelles, fugues, preludes, sonatas, and choral and instrumental ensemble music, showing her versatility of music that she could perform and compose. One of her more famous works; â€Å"Oratorium nach den Bildern der Bibel† was a cantata. Another example of Hensel’s compositions is one of her lieders, â€Å"Swan Song†. Beethoven, though partially deaf in his late twenties or early thirties, composed chamber music, sonatas, symphonies, songs, quartets and more. He was almost completely deaf when Beethoven wrote his third to eighth symphony. Many of Beethoven’s works are more famous than Hensel’s, but his most famous symphonies are the fifth and seventh symphonies. The many works that Hensel and Beethoven wrote were different than each other’s, but Beethoven is often known to help inspire the Romantic period composers. These two composers inspire many others to write and perform music throughout the world. There are many similarities between the two composers, even if Beethoven died only twenty-two years after Hensel was born. The two were great composers and musicians starting in childhood, increasing their knowledge of music early on. Though, they did not learn on their own. Many different teachers, composers, and musicians taught and influenced Hensel and Beethoven. These composers prospered greatly in their careers, expanding their knowledge more every day. Although Hensel and Beethoven have passed on, they will both leave a great footprint on music for generations to come. References Anonymous(n. d. ) Music History: Resource Center. Retrieved from http://academic. cengage. com/music/book_content/049557273X_wrightSimms_DEMO/index. html Anonymous(n. d. ) Facts about Beethoven. Retrieved from http://www. buzzle. com/articles/facts-about-beethoven. html Anonymous(n. d. ) Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, 1805-1847. Retrieved from http://lcweb2. loc. gov/diglib/ihas/loc. natlib. ihas. 200156440/default. html Anonymous(n. d. ) Biography: Beethoven’s Life. Retrieved from http://www. lvbeethoven. com/Bio/BiographyLudwig. html Estrella, E. (n. d. ) Profile of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel. Retrieved from http://musiced. about. com/od/famousmusicians1/p/fmendelssohn. htm? rd=1 Estrella, E. (n. d. ) Profile of Ludwig van Beethoven. Retrieved from http://musiced. about. com/od/classicalmusicians/p/beethoven. htm Estrella, E. (n. d. ) Music of the Romantic Period. Retrieved from http://musiced. about. com/od/historyofmusic/a/romanticmusic. htm? rd=1 How to cite Music Comparison: Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel and Ludwig Van Beethoven, Essay examples

Monday, May 4, 2020

Governance Assignment

Questions: 1.Describe the governance processes used on a project, that you know of or were a part of, using the governance elements described in the Learning Guide. 2. Project governance and organisational policies will normally include a delegation of authority or specification of authority limits for decision-making, including expenditure limits. What are/were the authority limits for expenditure on a project you know of or were a part of? Provide a list or matrix. 3. Describe the process used by a project team to undertake the work according to the agreed scope management plan and how changes to scope should be managed. Attach a flow chart and describe the steps. 4. What information management and communication methods are commonly used to keep all relevant parties (senior management, clients, stakeholders and colleagues) informed about the project progress? How does a project team ensure that all information is timely, relevant and accurate? 5. Provide an outline of how risks are managed on your project. Your response must address the performance criteria for BSBPMG415A Apply project risk-management techniques; 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6 2.7. 6. Projects need to be effectively managed and the various project knowledge areas integrated to ensure a coordinated management approach. Outline how the project management was conducted on a project you know of or were a part of. Your response must address the performance criteria for BSBPMG417A Apply project life cycle management processes; 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 3.5. 7. Provide an outline of how procurement is managed on projects. Your response must address the performance criteria for CPPDSM4047A; 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 3.4. Answers: 1. The governance process actually consists of the directing and controlling of the business operation by the high level authorities of the company with a view to achieve organization goals and objectives. The governance process was observed in the Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority project for developing Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project so as to connect Tysons Corner, Dulles Airport and other vital areas in the region. This way an effort is made to facilitate the local people and tourists to move easily around the area with cost effective modes of transport. The corporate governance elements that was followed in this project processes included the followings. Accountability: The project of connecting Dulles Corridor Metro rail project with various areas in the region is associated with the most accountable parties in the region including the government agencies and local administration. Effectiveness and efficiency: The effectiveness and efficiency of the project has been identified and recognized in advance so that the project meets the desired outcome and benefits. Rule of law: The rule of law has been considered seriously through which the application of the project has been made legal through all ways and methods. Transparency: A proper transparency at each level has been followed so that the responsibility of the authority concerned and the budget related estimations can be made easily. Strategic vision: The strategic vision was kept as the motive which included facilitating the local and tourists to move in the region in an easier and cost effective method. 2. The delegation of the authority for the Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority project for connecting the Dulles Corridor Rail project for connecting important places includes the followings. Virginia Department of Rail and public Transport. (Technical Support Funding) Fairfax Country (ROW and Funding) Federal Transit Administration (Federal Funding Oversight) Washington Metropolitan Areas Transit 5Authority (Technical Support, Owner and operator) Virginia Department of Transportation (ROW and Technical Support Funding) Dulles Transit Partners, LLC (Design and build contractors ) All these government agencies and local administration worked together as per their role in the project development process. The delegation of authority therefore can be depicted as below. The cost budget included the followings. 3. The process that the project team undertook to work as per the agreed scope management plan includes the followings. 1. Phase I: At phase one the identifying project objectives is done so that in the end the outcome is compared with the expected and estimated outcome. Thus the setting of project standards is done and thereof the preparing project plans is initiated. 2. Phase II: At phase two the project initiation takes place. The project execution is done so that the desired outcome is achieved in the estimated time. Also the project control and review is done at regular intervals. 3. Phase III: In the third phase the project completes and its output is achieved. Thus at this stage the achieving project benefits and profits is made at this stage. This can be depicted as below. The changes in the scope can be managed as follows. 1. Accessing the outcome at various stages and comparing it with the expected outcome. 2. Enquiring about the extent of the project at different stage. 3. Estimating the cost that has been used for project completion. Addressing the right issues and problems during the project execution process so that the problems can be identified and removed at early stage with a view to meet the target outcome. 4. The information management and communication method that can be used to keep all parties relevant aware of the project progress including senior management, clients, stakeholders and colleagues include the followings. 1. Emailing: Emailing helps in sending detailed information about the project progress to the relevant parties with written information supporting data so that the in-depth information can be conveyed. 2. Phone calls: Phone calls from the representatives of the company help in communication the relevant information to the required personnel. This way the vocal message from the company employees help in understanding the project progress. 3. Meetings: Meeting including the AGM or Annual General Meetings and other meetings help in conveying detailed information about the project progress with full data, facts and figures to convey the real and updated information to the related parties. 4. Short Messaging Service (SMS): The Short Messaging Service helps the relevant parties to remain in connection with the latest information about the company as it consists of updated information in short and to the point way. The project team can ensure that all the information is timely, relevant and accurately conveyed in the following ways. Quick contact with the relevant parties: Various new technological means such as emails, sms and other services are used to keep the relevant parties updated with the project progress. Review of the information at the regular intervals: The company management makes regular review of the information before delivery to the relevant parties which helps in conveying the most relevant information to the relevant parties. Following of communicating guidelines: The guidelines that are being set to communicate the important information to the relevant parties in a safe and secure method is followed. 5. The project risk management techniques used includes the followings steps. Identifying risks: The identification of the potential risks that can adds to the problem of the Airport Authority can help in easy recognizing of the factors that could delay the project later on. This way timely steps can be taken to remove the obstacles well before time so that the desired outcome is achieved within the stipulated time frame. Analyzing risks: The analyzing the risk that may affect the project helps in estimating the level of affect that a particular factor can leave on a project. Thus the analysis of the risks helps in recognizing the ways and means that should be prepared well in advance to remove these obstacles. Prioritizing risks: At this stage the risks that are identified as having most adverse effect on the overall project are prioritized before other risks with a view to bring in changes to fight back them accordingly. This way the prioritizing helps in identifying the most dangerous risks for the project. Creating an action plan: Creating of an action plan can help in later applying a method that could help in achieving a desired goal and outcome from the project. This way the project completes on time and the cost incurred remains under budget. The action plan also considers various other factors that may affect the project completion such as environment factors, legal factors etc. Risk transfer: At this stage the risk is actually transferred with a view tha the total financial loss or delay in project can be minimized by adding another feature or application in the project. Monitoring progress: The monitoring progress of the project helps in keeping the projects in alignment with the expectations so that the desired outcome is achieved in the end within the cost estimation and time constraints. This way by following the above methods and stages a project can be easily be completed with lesser deviations from the cost and time factors that are actually fixed during the project acceptance and planning process. 6. The project life cycle management process that was followed and finally helped in achieving the desired outcome includes the followings. The project had the following date set for accomplishments. These can be depicted as below. Milestones Date of accomplishments Project initiation 24th October, 2004 Submission of final design 25th April, 2006 Agreement between Dulles Toll Road and Airport Authority. 29th December, 2006 Agreement between Fair Fax Country and Airport Authority 19th July 2007 WMATA cooperative and Airport Authority Agreement 14th September, 2007 Final Design approval by FTA 12th May, 2008 Start up 26th September, 2012 Safety Certification 31st July, 2013 Revenue operation 1st December, 2014 From the above the project life cycle can be described as follows. Project planning started on 24th October, 2004. Project plans were passed till 14th September, 2007. Project plans were signed by the related authorities by 12th May, 2008 by all the concerned parties. Project development was made initiated till 26th September, 2012. Project certification was achieved till 31st July, 2013. Project completion was achieved till 1st December, 2014. 7. The procurement process was initiated by the Airport Authority. The performance criteria followed for the procurement process includes the following. Until selection. Taking written test. Confirming the academic qualifications. Interviewing the candidates. Observing the required physical abilities in the employees. After selection. The ability of the employees to understand the project. Clarifying the project objectives to the employees. Reviewing the abilities of the employees at regular intervals. Analyzing the level and extent of gains expected from the employees. Monitoring the project progress. Analyzing the level of outcome achieved by each employee. Appreciating the outperforming employee by giving extra benefits. Giving training to the underperforming employee. This way the above methods were used for procurement. Also the methods used for evaluation of employee performance after procurement has also been discussed.

Sunday, March 29, 2020

The Sports Card And Memorabilia Market Essays - Trading Cards

The sports card and memorabilia market The sports card and memorabilia market is as lucrative as ever in our culture today. The number of sports card and memorabilia stores, however, has never recovered since the backlash of the late 1980's and early 1990's. My business plan is to open ED'S SPORTS CARD The store-front will cost $400 per month. The sports card market has a year-round appeal but also has fluctuations by month. The height of business is found in November and December (holiday time) as well as in March and April (when the baseball season gets underway). An advantage to this business is the extremely low amount of advertising money needed. By accessing the Internet (through a $2500 computer and $20 per month America OnLine service), a card and memorabilia store can have virtually all the advertising they can put on-line at no extra cost. A webpage (through a provider like GeoCities or Angelfire) is free and posting in Usenet groups or on AOL's "Card Collector's Corner" is also free. All you have to pay is the monthly service charge. An advantage of using the Internet for this business is the profit margin. It is not uncommon to find cards on the Internet selling for 10% to 40% of it's actual value (i.e. a $100 card can be found for $10 to $40), or "pre-order" buys on upcoming products to be way below the market price (i.e. a $67 pre-order on a box that will sell for $110 wholesale). This enables the business owner to turn over inventory at a price that the consumer finds reasonable (under it's "value") and the businessman finds profitable. Start-up costs are pretty low for this business also. I figured that I can start a business for under $8,000 and maintain it for about $1,500 a month. This includes showcases, the previously mentioned computer, inventory, rent, advertising, supplies, and utilities. The average daily expense for maintaining the store is under $50 a day. What I have not figured into the amount to start-up this business is a sign outside the store. Many baseball card shop owners have told me that their sign was free! This was done by contacting one of the major card companies (Topps, Fleer, Upper Deck, or Pinnacle) and placing their corporate logo on the sign. I have been ivolved in this industry as a collector since 1985. I have been a part-time dealer since 1995. An average month as a part-time dealer (8 card shows and on-line transactions throughout the month), results in about $2,000 worth of sales and $420 worth of expenses (8 card shows times $50 per show, plus $20 for America OnLine). If my store doubled this pace (which would be still be slow for a full-time card store), it would take a little over four months to break even and it would make over $23,000 in profit in it's first year. The chart attached shows how this was figured. This business may not seem very profitable according to the figures I have provided, but these are low-end estimates. Many companies like L.J. Sands, Co. provide baseball card portfolios (like stock portfolios) for high-dollar investors. This involves finding cards of Hall of Fame caliber players that are undervalued and waiting for them to rise in value. A good example of this today is Ken Griffey Jr of the Seattle Mariners. His rookie card (1989 Upper Deck, card number 1) is valued at $70.00, in the past four years it has never been valued under $65.00, but as of April 25th he has 13 homeruns and is on pace to break Roger Maris' single-season record (61 in 1961). If this happens, the Griffey Jr card will soar to a new value. This will not be unprecedented. When Jose Canseco became the first player to hit 40 homeruns and steal 40 stolen bases in one season, his 1986 Donruss rookie card soared from $7 to $150, currently the card is available at $12. Two years ago, whe! n Cal Ripken Jr broke Lou Gehrig's "Ironman" streak of 2,130 consecutive games his rookie card (1982 Topps Traded) went from $150 to $300.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

How to Revise, Edit and Proofread Your Writing

How to Revise, Edit and Proofread Your Writing How to Revise, Edit and Proofread Your Writing How to Revise, Edit and Proofread Your Writing By Ali Hale Whatever sort of writing you do, it’s important to revise and edit your work – especially if you write academic essays, or articles or short stories that you’ll be submitting to editors. However much time you took over the piece on the first draft, you’ll always find a few mistakes to correct. This is the method that I’ve used for years when writing essays or short stories, to ensure they’re as good as possible before a lecturer or editor gets to see them! Do nothing (for a day or two) Set your work aside for a period of time – don’t hit ‘Save’ on the first draft then start again straight away on the second pass. You’ll come to the work afresh if you leave it alone for a while. As Michael said in Write First, Edit Later: Let your writing sit for a while. It may make more sense if you sleep on it. Or, it may make less sense after you have slept on it. At least you’ll know which. For essays, try to allow at least a day. Short stories can sometimes need longer – your mind will carry on mulling over the ideas whilst you’re doing other things. And many novelists advise putting your novel aside for at least a month before starting the revision process. Revision Read over your whole piece quite quickly. Circle any typos and mistakes that you spot, but concentrate on overall flow. If its an essay, check for any gaps in logic or any sides of the argument you might have missed. If its a short story, do any passages drag – or go too fast? Print out the first draft, and read through the whole thing, concentrating on the overall flow of the piece. Circle any typos or mistakes that you notice, but focus on the big picture. If it’s an essay, are there any logical missteps, points you’ve not backed up, or angles to the argument that you’ve missed? If it’s fiction, do any scenes drag or go too fast, and are there any plot holes or inconsistencies of characterisation? This is the stage to sort out any big problems. I often rewrite the whole thing (especially when working on fiction), starting afresh with a blank document on the computer. If you’re better than me at getting it right first time, you may not need to do that – but you could find yourself cutting out whole paragraphs, adding in new material, and changing the direction of the piece. After you’ve done this, you might want to ask a friend, classmate or colleague to read the piece. Tell them not to look for tiny errors like typos or clumsy sentences at this stage: ask whether they think it’s broadly OK, or if they have any reservations about the overall direction of the article or story. Editing and proofreading Once you’ve sorted out the big picture, you can start fixing any individual sentences and words. Again, it’s a good idea to print out the document and do this on paper: I find I miss errors on screen (especially typos which are valid words, such as â€Å"they’re† for â€Å"their†). Look out for: Typos and misspellings (a good tip here is to read backwards! You’ll go much more slowly, focussing on every individual word). Clumsy sentences and confusing or misleading phrasing (try reading your work aloud). Unnecessary words (check for the ones in Five Words You Can Cut). Commonly misused or confused words (there’s a whole list of these in the Misused Words category). If you’re not 100% sure about a spelling, double-check with a dictionary: try Merriam-Webster for clear, succinct definitions. When you can’t quite find the right word, using a thesaurus can help (again, Merriam-Webster is good). Do you have a great tip for revising and editing your work? Or do you have a horror story about an occasion when you handed in a first draft with a glaring error..? Share your experiences in the comments below! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesExpanded and Extended50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Strategic management - Essay Example It is the hope of this author that such an analysis will help to engage the reader with a clear and definitive understanding of how the associated business strategies in question impact upon the day-to-day decision-making structure, mission, and a general understanding of how the firm sees itself within its competitive environment (Singh, 2011). In short, the general perception that must be attained is with regards to the fact that a business strategy in and of itself is capable of differentiating a firm in almost the same degree and extent that different products or services differentiate one firm from another. In so much, even though Walmart and Microsoft are mega-corporations that garner a massive degree of profits each and every quarter, the products and services that they sell are nearly as diverse as the business strategy by which they operate (Mithas et al, 2013). Naturally, with respect to Walmart, the business strategy that is engaged with is that of a low-cost provider stra tegy. With this ultimately entails is a situation in which the key targets that Walmart seeks to leverage our with regards to price sensitivity, extreme price competition, segmentation within markets, the optimization of economies of scale, emphasis upon bargaining power, focusing upon low costs of input, offering incentives, reducing material, personnel, and shipping costs, vertical integration, and a variety of other tools to accomplish such an end (Rong et al, 2013). In such a way, a nearly continual emphasis is made upon seeking to cut each and every available cost corner to provide the minimum price to the consumer; due to the fact that without such a continual war on prices, the ultimate appeal that the firm is able to generate would necessarily be non-existent. Comparatively, Microsoft - although one of the most profitable firms within his United States - pursues quite a different business strategy entirely. Accordingly, Microsoft pursues what is known as a broad differentiat ion strategy (Rumelt, 2011). Such a type of strategy is often employed by firms that seek to target a diverse range of need and preference, value conscious consumers, premium price products, and buyers who might be loyal to a particular brand. As a function of such a complex and interwoven level of needs and targets such an approach must take, it should be the understanding of the reader that this broad differentiation strategy is effective for many types of firms (Bharadwaj et al, 2013). In such a way, the strategic inputs that are available to a firm or business that seeks to engage with a broad differentiation strategy are as follows: special water availability, customer service, marketing intensity, defensive strategies, continuous improvement an organization, constant value signaling, uninterrupted product availability, as well as unique tangible and intangible benefits. Due to the fact that this is something of a â€Å"catch all† strategy, it can be understood that a ve ry high number of firms, both small and large, integrate with this very approach (Bradley et al, 2011). Although it may be tempting to believe that the likes of Microsoft or Walmart have achieved their degree of success based upon the fact that they had leveraged

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

TMA1 Revised Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TMA1 Revised - Essay Example s it, his transgression - of lending fire to the humans he is credited with having created - was punished by Zeus in the form of a notoriously cruel curse. Prometheus would be bound to a rock in the Caucasus and an eagle would eat his liver all day; whatever had been consumed during the day would regenerate overnight and the eagle would be back the next day, continuing this cycle of torture ad infinitum. Prometheus was finally freed from this curse by Zeus’s son, the hero Heracles, and was later allowed to regain his position as god, though still bound by a symbolic ring and a piece of the rock he was tied to as a reminder of his punishment (Grimal 1996). The poet Hesiod’s account of the Prometheus myth in his Theogony is considered one of its most authoritative versions. In his version, the story of Prometheus’s first notable deception of Zeus - the incident where Prometheus disguises the ox bones with fat and the flesh with the ox hide and fools Zeus into choosing the apparently valuable but actually worthless bones - is described in clearly partisan terms. Prometheus is referred to as â€Å"devious and wily† while Zeus is called â€Å"far-seeing† and his wisdom is repeatedly praised - â€Å"Zeus, whose wisdom is immortal†; â€Å"Zeus in his wisdom† and so on. (Morford and Lenardon 2003). We are also told in this version that Zeus â€Å"was not unaware of this [Prometheus’s] trick.† The illustration Atlas and Prometheus, from a 6th century BCE engraving on a Laconian cup, is also interesting in its suggestions (Morford and Lenardon 2003). Atlas is pictured as looking on helplessly, while his brother, Prometheus, is attacked by the eagle. Prometheus is seen tied to a column and Atlas with the weight of the skies on his shoulder. There is also a snake on the extreme left which appears to be attacking Atlas. The representation of both these tormented Titans in the same panel emphasizes the might and wrath of Zeus and may have been a common image among

Monday, January 27, 2020

Ganga River Pollution In India Environmental Sciences Essay

Ganga River Pollution In India Environmental Sciences Essay All of us have seen a river large or small, either flowing through our town, or somewhere else. Rivers are nothing more than surface water flowing down from a higher altitude to a lower altitude due to the pull of gravity. One river might have its source in a glacier, another in a spring or a lake. Rivers carry dissolved minerals, organic compounds, small grains of sand, gravel, and other material as they flow downstream. Rivers begin as small streams, which grow wider as smaller streams and rivers join them along their course across the land. Eventually they flow into seas or oceans. Unfortunately most of the worlds major rivers are heavily polluted. The pollution of environment is the gift of the industrial revolution. Prior to this the agrarian cultures created significant environmental deterioration in the form of soil erosion- through deforestation and overgrazing. The environmental degradation is a by product of modern civilization. There has been a steady deterioration in the quality of water of Indian rivers over several decades. Indias fourteen major, 55 minor and several hundred small rivers receive millions of litres of sewage, industrial and agricultural wastes. Most of these rivers have been rendered to the level of sewage flowing drains. There are serious water quality problems in the cities, towns and villages using these waters. Water borne diseases are rampant, fisheries are on decline, and even cattle are not spared from the onslaught of pollution. According to World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) five rivers in Asia serving over 870 million people are among the most threatened in the world, as dams, water extraction and climate change all take their toll. The Ganges, Indus, Yangtze, Salween-Nu and Mekong-Lancang rivers make up half of the WWFs top ten most threatened river basins. India has a large number of rivers that are lifelines for the millions living along their banks. These rivers can be categorized into four groups: 1.Rivers that flow down from the Himalayas and are supplied by melting snow and glaciers. This is why these are perennial, that is, they never dry up during the year. 2. The Deccan Plateau Rivers, which depend on rainfall for their water. 3. The coastal rivers, especially those on the west coast, which are short and do not retain water throughout the year. 4. The rivers in the inland drainage basin of west Rajasthan, which depend on the rains. These rivers normally drain towards silt lakes or flow into the sand. River Ganga (Ganges) of India has been held in high esteem since time immemorial and Hindus from all over the world cherish the idea of a holy dip in the river under the faith that by doing so they will get rid of their sins of life. More than 400 million people live along the Ganges River. An estimated 2,000,000 persons ritually bathe daily in the river. Historically also, Ganga is the most important river of the country and beyond doubt is closely connected with the history of civilization as can be noticed from the location of the ancient cities of Hardwar, Prayag, Kashi and Patliputra at its bank. To millions of people it is sustainer of life through multitude of canal system and irrigation of the wasting load. Hundreds of the villages and even the big cities depend for their drinking water on this river. It is believed, a fact which has also been observed, that the water of Ganga never decays even for months and years when water of other rivers and agencies begins to develop bac teria and fungi within a couple of days. This self purification characteristic of Ganga is the key to the holiness and sanctity of its water. The combination of bacteriophages and large populations of people bathing in the river have apparently produced a self-purification effect, in which water-borne bacteria such as dysentery and cholera are killed off, preventing large-scale epidemics. The river also has an unusual ability to retain dissolved oxygen. With growing civilization and population all over how long Ganga will retain its self purification characteristics only time can judge.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SOURCES: The Gangotri   Glacier, a vast expanse of ice five miles by fifteen, at the foothills of the Himalayas (14000 ft) in North Uttar Pradesh is the source of Bhagirathi, which joins with Alaknanda (origins nearby) to form Ganga at the craggy canyon-carved town of Devprayag. Interestingly, the sources of Indus and the Brahmaputra are also geographically fairly close; the former goes through Himachal Pradesh and fans out through Punjab and Sind (Pakistan) into the Arabian Sea. The latter courses for most of its tremendous length under various names through Tibet/China, never far from the Nepal or Indian borders, and then takes a sharp turn near the northeastern tip of India, gathers momentum through Assam before joining the major stream of the Ganga near Dacca in Bangladesh to become the mighty Padma, river of joy and sorrow for much of Bangladesh. From Devprayag to the Bay of Bengal and the vast  Sunderbans delta, the Ganga flows some 1550 miles, passing (and giving life to) some of t he most populous cities of India, including Kanpur (2 million), Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, and Calcutta (14 million). The largest tributary to the Ganga is the Ghaghara, which meets it before Patna, in Bihar, bearing much of the Himalayan glacier melt from Northern Nepal. The Gandak, which comes from near Katmandu, is another big Himalayan tributary. Other important rivers that merge with the Ganga are the Son, which originates in the hills of Madhya Pradesh, the Gomti which flows past Lucknow. Previous Work: A number of investigations have been carried out on the physiochemical and biological characters of the Ganga. Lakshminarayana (1965) published a series of papers reporting the results of studies carried out at Varanasi during the period between March, 1957 and March, 1958. it was observed by him that the values of the most of the parameters decreased during rainy season while no marked variation was observed during winters and summers. In the same year Chakraborty et.al. (1965) from Kanpur reported the water quality of Ganga at J.K. Rayons water intake point and at Golaghat and Bhairoghat pumping stations situated at the upstream of the river. It was concluded that the water quality gradually deteriorated as it passes from Bhairoghat pumping station to the J.K. Rayon water intake point in summers because in this stretch the river received waste waters from number of sewage drains.   A year later Saxena et.al. (1966) made a systematic survey of the chemical quantity of Ganga at Kanpur. According to the study, the biological oxygen demand, i.e. B.O.D. varied from 5.3ppm (minimum) in winter to 16.0ppm (maximum) in summer. The chloride ranged between 9.2 and 12.7 ppm and the river was found to be alkaline in nature except in rainy season. He concluded that the tanneries significantly increased the pollution load of river as they discharge huge amounts of effluents containing organic wastes and heavy metals. It was further reported that forty five tanneries, ten textile mills and several other industrial units discharged 37.15 million gallon per day of waste water generating BOD load of approximately 61630 Kg/day. Subsequently Agarwal et.al. (1976) studied the bacteriological population of the river water and concluded that addition of untreated waste and sewage was responsible for the presence of pathogenic organisms posing threat to the residents of the Varanasi city. Hydrobiological features of the river Ganga was studied by   Pahwa and Mehrotra (1966). The authors studied a stretch of 1090 kms. of river Ganga extending from Kanpur in west to Rajmahal, in Jharkhand state, in the east. They reported that the turbidity was maximum (1100-2170 ppm) in monsoon and minimum ( less than100 ppm) during January to June. The pH of the river water ranged between 7.45 (minimum) during June to August and 8.30 (maximum) during January to May. The dissolved oxygen, i.e. D.O. count ranged from 5.0 to 10.5 ppm with maximum values during January and February. While the minimum values were recorded in monsoon. Bhargava (1982) in a survey of total length of the river Ganga found that quality index was far above the prescribed limit at Kanpur. He further found that the Ganga water was having unusually fast regenerating capacity by bringing down B.O.D. owing to the presence of large amount of well adopted micro-organisms. According to the research Ganga is rich in polymers excreted by various species of bacteria. These polymers being excellent coagulants remove turbidity by coagulation, setting the suspended particles at the sewage discharge point. At the 1981 session of Indian Science Congress at Varanasi, scientists expressed concern at the growing pollution in the river Ganga in presence of the then Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi who inaugurated the session. At her instance, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, the then member, Planning Commission asked the Central Board for Preventation and Control of Water Pollution, New Delhi to conduct studies on the state of the river Ganga. In collaboration with the State Pollution Control Boards of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Bengal and the centre for study of Man and Environment Kolkata (Calcutta), studies were conducted on the Sources of pollution including all human activities, land use pattern and water quality of the river at selected sites during 1981-82 and report entitled Basin, sub-basin inventory of water pollution in the Ganga basin part-II was published in 1984. according to this report sewage of 27 class I cities and towns and effluents from 137 major industries were the main source of pollution of the river. In addition cremation of dead human bodies and dumping of carcasses aggrevated the pollution of the river. It was Chandra (1981) who conducted studies on the pollution status of river Ganga at Allahabad, pointed out that industries manufacturing nitrogenous fertilizers have significant role in polluting the river water.   Study carried out in 1986-87 on physico-chemical properties of river Ganga water at Buxar (Unnao) clearly revealed that extent of pollution varied in different seasons. Usually all the 23 parameters studied showed high values in summer and lower during monsoons except turbidity which was high in rainy season. Values of BOD, COD, DO and H2S were recorded high than the tolerance limits. Study on water quality of river Ganga at Kalakankar (Pratapgarh in Uttar Pradesh) revealed that even at such a remote and undisturbed place like Kalakankar the river water was not safe for drinking and bathing. It was also noted that the river showed an alkaline trend throughout the course of study. According to the research done by Mehrotra (1990), the various sources responsible for pollution of the river in Varanasi city are domestic sewage effluents of the industries, burning of dead bodies at the ghats, use of detergents, insecticides and pesticides used in agriculture. Study revealed the presence of toxic metals like   mercury ( 65 to 520ppb), Lead( less than 10 to 800 ppm), chromium (less than 10 to 200 ppm) and nickel (less than 10 to 130 ppm) in the sediments of Ganga river at Varanasi city.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upstream from Varanasi, one of the major pilgrimage sites along the river, the water is comparatively pure, having a low  Biochemical oxygen demand  and fecal coliform count. Studies conducted in 1983 on water samples taken from the right bank of the Ganga at Patna confirm that  escheria coli  (E.Coli.), fecal streptococci and vibrio cholerae organisms die two to three times faster in the Ganga than in water taken from the rivers Son and Gandak and from dug wells and tube wells in the same area. The chemical pollution of the river Ganga in Patna city in Bihar state has been found somewhat alarming beside the storm drain, especially in the regions like Rajapur, Mandiri and Krishnaghat. According to the report published in a book by Mr. U.K. Sinha (1986), the concentration of iron is higher in sediments collected from 10 metres along the bank at Mandiri region. The concentration of all the toxic metals i.e copper, zinc, nickel and cobalt are higher in all the sediments collected from near the storm drain and diminishes towards mid-region of the river. The concentration of zinc is highest in the sediments collected from near the Mandiri storm drain, Antaghat storm drain and Krishnaghat storm drain. The concentration of copper is highest in the sediments collected from near the Krishnaghat storm drain suggesting the presence copper due to utensil work being done in Thatheri Bazar and hospital wastes also, said report. Present situation: For some time now, this romantic view of the Ganges has collided with Indias grim realities. During the past three decades, the countrys explosive growth (at nearly 1.2 billion people, Indias population is second only to Chinas), industrialization and rapid urbanization have put unyielding pressure on the sacred stream. Ganga, the most sacred of rivers for Hindus, has become polluted for some years now. But a recent study by Uttarakhand Environment Conservation and Pollution Control Board says that the level of pollution in the holy river has reached alarming proportions. Things have come to such a pass that the Ganga water is at present not fit just for drinking and bathing but has become unusable even for agricultural purposes. As per the UECPCB study, while the level of coliform present in water should be below 50 for drinking purposes, less than 500 for bathing and below 5000 for agricultural use-the present level of coliform in Ganga at Haridwar has reached 5500. Based on the level of coliform, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen, the study put the water in A, B, C and D categories. While A category is considered fit for drinking, B for bathing, C for agriculture and D is for excessive pollution level. Since the Ganga waters at Haridwar have more than 5000 coliform and even the level of dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen doesnt conform the prescribed standards, it has been put in the D category. According to the study, the main cause of high level of coliform in Ganga is due to disposal of human faeces, urine and sewage directly into the river from its starting point in Gaumukh till it reaches Haridwar via Rishikesh. Nearly 89 million litres of sewage is daily disposed into Ganga from the 12 municipal towns that fall along its route till Haridwar. The amount of sewage disposed into the river increases during the Char Dham Yatra season when nearly 15 lakh pilgrims visit the state between May and October each year. Apart from sewage disposal of half-burnt human bodies at Haridwar and hazardous medical waste from the base hospital at Srinagar due to absence of an incinerator are also adding to pollution levels in the Ganga. The result has been the gradual killing of one of Indias most treasured resources. One stretch of the Yamuna River, the Ganges main tributary, has been devoid of all aquatic creatures for at least a decade. In Varanasi, Indias most sacred city, the coliform bacterial count is at least 3,000 times higher than the standard established as safe by the United Nations world Health   Organization.  Ã‚  Coliform  are rod-shaped bacteria that are normally found in the colons of humans and animals and become a serious contaminant when found in the food or water supply. A study by Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department pf Zoology, Patna University, showed the presence of mercury in the Ganga river in Varanasi city. According to the study, annual mean concentration of mercury in the river water was 0.00023 ppm. The concentration ranged from NT (not traceable) to 0.00191 ppm. Study done by Indian Toxicological Research Centre (ITRC), Lucknow during 1986-1992 showed maximum annual concentration of mercury in the Ganga river water at Rishikesh, Allahabad district and Dakshineswar as 0.081, 0.043 and 0.012 ppb respectively. Ganga river at Varanasi was found well within the maximum permissible standard of 0.001 ppm prescribed for drinking water by the World Health Organization. The mercury studied in the Ganga river could be traced in biotic as well as abiotic components of the river at the study site. The Hindu devotees take bath in the river where mercury was detected in 28%, 44%,75%, 96%, 42% and 89% of the river water, sediment, benthic fauna, fish, soil and vegetation samples respectively. Though mercury contamination of the river water has not reached an alarming extent, its presence in the river system is worrisome. In the study annual mean concentration of the metal in the sediments was 0.067 ppm. Sediments constitute a major pool of mercury in fresh water. As Ganga enters the Varanasi city, Hinduisms sacred river contains 60,000 faecal coliform bacteria per 100 millilitres, 120 times more than is considered safe for bathing. Four miles downstream, with inputs from 24 gushing sewers and 60,000 pilgrim-bathers, the concentration is 3,000 times over the safety limit. In places, the Ganges becomes black and septic. Corpses, of semi-cremated adults or enshrouded babies, drift slowly by. The tannery industry mushrooming in North India has converted the Ganga River into a dumping ground. The tanning industry discharges different types of waste into the environment, primarily in the form of liquid effluents containing organic matters, chromium, sulphide ammonium and other salts. As per an estimate, about 80-90% of the tanneries use chromium as a tanning agent. Of this, the hides take up only 50-70%, while the rest is discharged as effluent. Pollution becomes acute when tanneries are concentrated in clusters in small area like Kanpur. Consequently, the Leather-tanning sector is included in the Red category of industries due to the potential adverse environmental impact caused by tannery wastes. Highly polluted sediments are adversely affecting the ecological functioning of rivers due to heavy metal mobilization from urban areas into biosphere. Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the river Ganga and its tributaries have been carried out by several workers. Monitoring of Ganga River from Rishikesh to Varanasi indicated that Kannauj to Kanpur and Varanasi are the most polluted stretches of the river Ganga . Analysis of upstream and down stream water and sediment revealed a 10-fold increase in chromium level.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Land Opportunity

The American West was viewed as a land of opportunity and success for many people of different racial and financial backgrounds during the time between 1865 to 1890. However, the extent of success from the opportunity varied on multiple factors. For the homesteader, opportunity was based upon good weather conditions and hard work but mostly only large scale corporations succeeded. Mining provided little for the average miner; large mining industries profited instead.. At some point West was the land of opportunity and at the same time it was not a land of opportunity for Native American Indians and Minorities.The Homestead Act of 1862 was one of the most significant and enduring events in the westward expansion of the United States. It gave 160 acres of western land to anyone who promised to work the land for five years. This encouraged many immigrants to come to the United States and help settle the West. But the land was too arid for a homesteader to manage 160 acres. Life was hard in the west because of the harsh environment. They had sand storm and droughts, made impossible for farmers to farm. Very few actually made it work and managed to keep their homesteads.Opportunity was unpredictable for the average person, corporations benefited largely from the West (i. e. railroads). When the Transcontinental Railroad was finished in 1869, railroad tycoons realized the opportunity for railroad exploitation and then a railroad boom followed the economic recovery in 1878. Expansion of the railroads brought trade, settlers, and towns. Mining also played a major role during that time period. Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Zinc were traded with other countries which helped our nation’s economy.Ethnocentrism was the root of the problem for Native Americans and contributed their downfall and their loss of land and livelihood. Indians were pushed off their native lands onto reservations. Immigrants struggled to reach equal work standards and pay as whites. In conclusi on, at some point American West land helped build up United States economy. Railroad made it easier for people to travel and to trade with other countries easily. But Homestead Act made it impossible for people to farm because of the the bad soil.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Prevention Of Elderly Abuse Neglect And Exploitation Essay

There is a growing concern over elderly abuse, neglect and exploitation as it has been lately estimated that its occurrence has increased over the past few decades.   The first reported estimate of elderly abuse stated that approximately 3% of elderly individuals in the United States have been abused (Pillemer and Finkelhor, 1988), which may be equated to approximately 2.5 million elderly individuals. Elderly abuse is closely linked to medical problems such as physical injuries, mental health disorders, poor management of chronic illnesses and disabilities.   The effects of elder abuse have been determined to be damaging.   Most of the abused elderly people are often brought to the emergency room for immediate medical attention for physical injuries.   A recent study conducted by Shields et al. (2004) over a 10-year period has indicated that more than 50% of deaths among the elderly are due to homicidal acts, while a 25% of the deaths were possibly due to elderly neglect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amidst the increasing number of elderly individuals being abused and neglected, there is an insufficiency of reaction amongst medical practitioners, including physicians and clinicians.   It has been estimated that only 2 to 10% of cases of elderly abuse are actually reported to the appropriate authorities.   These cases of elderly abuse involve physical and psychological abuse as well as financial exploitation. Neglect is also another condition that an elderly individual goes through yet is left unable to report such hardship to the appropriate agencies concerned.   Specific risk factors have been determined to be strongly associated with elderly abuse, including living with other people, as well as impairment of the elderly individual’s functional ability.   In addition, depression and excessive alcohol consumption also strongly influence the occurrence of elderly abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A promising prevention strategy for elderly abuse, neglect and exploitation would then be to impose mandatory reporting of cases of abuse in tandem with annual or biannual monitoring of the conditions of an elderly individual.   Such mandatory act of reporting would thus put the people who are responsible for the care of an elderly individual to be responsible for any physical, mental, social or financial burdens that the elderly individual would experience. The people involved with the care of the elderly individual would include the children of the elderly person, as well as the physician, counselor and therapist of the elderly person.   It would also be good if the amount of time spent by each person with the elderly individual were determined, so that it would be easier to determine who spends the most time with the elderly individual.   Another method that could be incorporated into the mandatory reporting of elderly abuse is to conduct interviews with the elderly individual in order to determine if he has succumbed to memory loss or not. If the elderly individual is still cognitive enough to interactive with the interviewing officer, it would be helpful to ask the elderly individual if he is aware whether he still keeps some of his financial resources in his bank or some other place.   It would also be helpful if the elderly individual knew approximately how much money and other valuable items such as jewelry, real estate properties and automobiles he has so that there is an estimate of the resources the individual has.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The comprehensive interview of the elderly individual should thus be conducted every year in order to monitor how the elderly person if doing as time goes by.   In addition, the interview will also provide the social worker or any other interviewing official of the government to determine that conditions of the place where the elderly individual is living.   The medical records of the elderly individual should also be checked every year in order to determine whether the physical and mental condition of the elderly individual has been maintained or is deteriorating.   Should the condition of the elderly individual be deteriorating, the main cause of this change of condition should be investigated in order to prevent further damage to the physical and mental health of the elderly individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The intense monitoring of elderly individual may be tedious, costly and time-consuming, yet it protects these senior citizens from further abuse and neglect.   Time has shown that mandatory reporting of elderly abuse is not as effective as expected because most of the medical professionals do not participate or are not serious enough in reporting such conditions and the elderly people will continue to suffer.   The tandem implementation of mandatory reporting of elderly abuse with regular monitoring of the conditions of an elderly individual thus seems more feasible in protecting the health of elderly individuals. In addition, the regular monitoring of elderly individuals lessens the burden of physicians in reporting abuse and neglect of these senior citizens.   This proposed prevention strategy also provides a way for elderly individuals to speak out for themselves if they still can.   It is actually helpful and enlightening if the elderly individuals are given the opportunity to express their concerns, issues and problems with regards to their senior lives.   Should this proposed strategy be tested and later implemented, it may be possible to save more elderly individuals from unnecessary pain, depression and exploitation.   These seniors deserve to spend the rest of their lives in peace and harmony. References Kennedy RD (2005):   Elder abuse and neglect: the experience, knowledge, and attitudes of primary care physicians. Fam. Med. 37:481-5. Pillemer K and Finkelhor D (1988):   The prevalence of elder abuse: A random sample survey. Gerontologist.   28:51-7. Shields LB, Hunsaker DM, Hunsaker JC (2004):   Abuse and neglect: A ten-year review of mortality and morbidity in our elders in a large metropolitan area. J. Forensic Sci. 49:122-127.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

A Report On K12 Education - 1001 Words

Joanne Ramos Andrea Cons-Diller Writing 1 8 July 2015 K12 Education We, as a society, cannot stress enough the role and importance of education in our life. Starting when we were young, we have come to believe that having a proper education can lead us to better opportunities later in life. Education is planted like a seed at a very young age, and like any seeds, I believe that it is best taken care of when it is still in the process of growing. Unfortunately, I believe that there are some policies in our educational system that need immediate attention to ensure that our future generation gets an effective and quality education. In 2012, the Program for International Student Assessment, also called PISA, was administered to 15 year olds in 65 countries. PISA is an international testing in math, science, and reading. According to the 2012 PISA result, the United States, once thought as â€Å"world leader†, scored a 29th place in math, 22nd place in science, and 19th place in reading (National Center for Education Statistics). Th ese results show that we, as a society, need to enhance our educational system to catch up with other countries. Today, the kids go in and out of school, learning almost nothing but to memorize what the government expects them to know, learn how to take standardized testing, and graduate by exerting very little effort. To further improve our k12 educational system, we need to change our ways of teaching such as eliminating common core, stop analyzingShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Standardized Testing In Education1140 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States K12 education system. Students at all levels are routinely tested, and schools evaluated based on the scores. 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